Ventilating system



Se t. 13, 1927.

O. G. CRANNELL VENTILATING SYSTEM Filed July 6. 1923 INVENTOR.

' ATTORNEY- wrmsss:

- Patented Sept. 13, 192 7.

UNITED STATES- PATENT OFFICE.

OIBLO cRANNnLL, or REVERE,

MAss'AcnusnT'rs, AssIeNoR or TWO-FJI'IJHS 'ro 031.0

n, CRANNELL, or nnvnnn, messecnosn'rrs.

VENTILA'IING SYSTEM.

. Application filed July 6,

This invention relates to ventilating sys-v tems and more particularlyto ventilatlng' systems for refrigerating rooms wherein perishableproducts such as meat and the l1ke are stored. I i 1 The principalobject of the invention is the provision of a ventilating system wherelnatmospheric or fresh air is introduced into.

a room at a lower temperature than the temperature of the air in theroom and whereby the stale air will be'simultaneously exhausted from theroom. Q

Another object of the invention is to prpvide a system of the classmentioned wherein the exhaust air from the room is utilized forpre-cooling the fresh air before its entrance into the cooling device.

Another object of vthe invention is the pro'visionof a ventilatingsystem in which is arranged a cooling device wherein the fresh air iscooled to a temperature below the temperature of a room, the fresh airentering the top of the device and passing downward around a coilcontaining a refrigerant, and

thence into the room at the bottom of the device. v

A still further object'is to provide a ventilating system which issimplein construction, cheap and easy of operation and highly efiici'ent forthe purpose intended. L v

With these and other objects in vlew, the invention resides in certainnovel construction andcombination and arrangement of parts, theessential features of which are hereinafter fully described, areparticularly pointed out in the appended claims, and are illustrated inthe-accompanying drawing, in

which:--

The figure is a vertical sectlonal view taken through a room and showingmy system installed therein.

In chilled rooms for the storing bf meats and like perishable foods. ithas been the ob-.

jection that whenachilled room is shut tight 'over night or duringholidays the products do not keep as well as they do during workinghours when the doors are continuously being opened in carrying-on a dayswork, that is, during working hours the doors are opened enough topermit fresh. air from the 1 outside to enter the room, therebyIfreshening' up the air and keeping the products, regardless'of the factthat the temperature of the room has been higher during such times; Thisis conclusive proof that the temperature 1923. Serial no. 649,876.

alone does not govern the keeping qualities of products, but thecondition of an as to freshness is as great a factor as the temperatureltself, and with the knowledge of this in mind I have conceived the ideaof bringing fresh air from the outside of abuilding 1nto an 1 insulated,artificially cooled chamber, which chamber is tightly closed except-foran a1r duct running from the top of the chamber to the outsideatmosphere, and a cold air duct running to the bottom of the room to beventilated.

Referring more particularly to the draw ing, the reference numeral 10designates a refrigerating room, which room of course may be chilled bythe usual ammonia pipes not shown in the drawing. It is in connectionwith this type of room that my invention is primarily intended for use,but it is to he understood that the same principle may be adopted forventilating any other type of room desired.

thereof is a cooling device 11 which comprises spaced inner and walls 12and 13 respectively, the space between the walls receiving an insulatingsub-. stance such as cork 14;. The top of the cooling device is closedby means of a removable insulator cover 15 whereby access may be'had tothe interior of the device if desired. The cooling device 10 issupported above the floor by suitable legs 16, and the bottom of thesame is provided with'an outlet opening 17. Arranged within the coolingdevice and extending the length'of the same is an ammonia coil 18, theends of which have connec-' outer cylindrical tion with a suitablesupplv pipe 19 which may lead to the usual cooling pipes of the room Theoutward leads of the coil are provided with valves 20 wherein the fiowof ammonia to the coil may be shut off at will and the supply pipe 19 islikewise prbvided with a valve'21 for regulating the flow to the'coolingpipes of the room or forcausing the entire'flowto pass through the coil18. Entering near the top of the cooling device 10 is one end of aninlet pipe 22, the other end of which opens to the atmosphere as at 23for permitting the fresh air to pass into the same. Mounted adjacent theceiling of the room-is an outlet'or exhaust pipe 24, one end ofwhichopens at the opposite end of the room therewith and in which the cooleris to the outside of the building somewhere remote from the inlet 23 sothat the in oing air will not mix with the outgoing air. e outlet pipe24 is enlar d as at 25 so as to encircle a ortion of t e inner pipe 22whereby to cool t e fresh air prior to its entrance into the coolingdevice.

In practice, fresh air is drawn from the outside of a building throughthe inlet pipe 22 by reason of the air in the cooling device falling toa'temperature below that of the room. The fresh air enters the top ofthe device and passes downwardly around the ammonia coil 18 and outthrough the opening 17 at thebottom. In passing through the coolingdevice, the air in additionto being cooled is also dried, the moisturebeing taken up in the form of a frost which accumulateson the ammoniacoil and which can be readily defrosted by shutting off the lower of thevalves 20 to allow the chamber of the device to warm up. After passingthrough the cooling device, the air enters the room near the floor andcauses the warm or staleair to rise toward the ceiling where it passesout through the pipe 24. It will be seen that so long as the ammoniapasses through the coil, a continuous increase in the density andsubsequent circulation of the air is set up whereby dry fresh air isbeing drawn into the room and the stale or moist air exhausted.therefrom, thereby maintaining atall times a healthy condition of theroom.

Although an ammonia coil has been shown as a cooling medium, it is to-beunderstood that a container filled with brine may be substitutedtherefor and placed within the cooling device without departing from thespirit of the invention. Also, the outlet i e 24 may extend out of the oposite side 0 t e room and not encircle t e inner pipe as shown,although, by arranging the air inlet and outlet pipes or conduits inheat-interchanging relationship, as, for example, is shown herein, theincoming fresh air is precooled and thus rendered heavier, and theoutflowing foul air is correspondingly heated and thus becomes lighter,and hence the fall gained bythe descent of the cooled incoming airoffsets or overcomes the resistance to the upfiow of the outgoing foulair, especially where the discharge point for the outflowing air, whichmay have a lower temperature than the outside air, is located above thelevel of the ceiling of the room.

The accumulating fresh incoming air, as

it is dried and cooled in the enlarged chamber of the air cooling deviceto a temperature below that existing in the room, flows by gravity outof the bottom of this chamher and into the lower portion of the room,thus dis lacing a corresponding amount of the relatively lighter moistfoul air from the upper portion of the room into the foul air neaaeoaoutlet conduit. A natural circulation of air is thus established andmaintained, the amount of fresh air taken into the room being regulatedautomatically according to the temperature existing Within the room, andthere being no danger of raising the temperature within the room to apoint above the desired temperature. due to the inflow of fresh air, asthe fresh air cannot. enter the room until its temperature has beenreduced below that existing in the room.

By heat insulating the enlarged/drying and cooling chamber of thecooling device from the temperature influences existing within the room,the cooling of the incoming fresh air is efi'ected independently of thetemperature of the air within the room and without any reactionaryeffects therefrom, as the air within the room will absorb no heatthrough the walls of the air cooling chamber.

While I have described what I deem to be the most desirable embodimentof my invention, it is obvious that many of the details may be variedwithout in any way departing from the spirit of my invention, and Itherefore do not limit myself to the exact details of constructionherein set forth nor to anything less than the whole of my inventionlimited only by the appended claims.

What is claimed as new is 1. A ventilating apparatus for closed roomscomprising an outflow conduit for foul air leading from the upperportion of the room directly to the outside atmosphere, a separateinflow conduit for fresh air leading from the atmosphere outside of theroom to the interior thereof without communication with said outflowconduit and having an enlarged chamber therein provided with an outletin its bottom leading to the lower portion of the room, and arefrigerating device contained in said enlarged chamber and operative todry and cool incoming fresh air to a temperature below that existing inthe room, thereby causing the cooled relatively heavier air to flow bygravity downwardly through the outlet in the bottom of said chamber andinto the lower portion of the room and thereby'causinga correspondingvolume of foul air to discharge from the room to the outside atmosphere.

2. The combination with a closed room, of ventilating apparatus thereforcomprising an outflow conduit for discharging foul air therefromdirectly to the outside atmosphere, a fresh separate air inflow conduitleading directly from the outside atmosphere into the room withoutcommunication with said outflow conduit and having an enlarged chambersituated in the lower portion of the room and heat insulated from thetemperature conditions existing therein. said enlarged chamber beingprovided at its bottom with a discharge opening, and a cooling de- IIIvice contained within said enlarged chamber and operative to dry theinflowmg fresh air' accumulating therein and to cool such air to atemperature below that existing in the room, thus causlng the air socooled to flow downwardly by gravity from such chamber and into the roomand causing a corresponding volume of foul air to discharge from theroom to the outside atmosphere.

3. The combination with a closed cold.

storage room, of ventilating means therefor comprising a foul air outletconduit leading from the'upper portion of the room directly to theoutside atmosphere, a fresh air intake conduit non-communicating withrespect to said outlet conduit and leading into the room directlyfromthe outside atmosphere, and means to receive fresh airfrom theintake conduit and to dry and cool such air independently of theinfluence of the .temperature exlsting within the room, said meanscausing the fresh air when cooled to a tempgrature below that existingin the room to discharged by gravity into the lower portion of the room,thereby displacing a corre-. sponding volume of foul air from the roomand discharging it to-the outside atmosphere.

4. The combination with a closed room, of

- ventilating means therefor comprising a foul air outlet leading fromthe upper portion of the room directly to the outside atmosphere, afreshair inlet'conduits'eparate from-said outlet conduit and including anenlarged chamber situated in the lower portion of the 3 room and havingan outlet in its bottom leading into the room, said chamber being'heatinsulated from the interior of the room, and a cooling device containedwithin said chamber and operative to dry and cool the fresh airaccumulating therein, thereby causing 40 i the fresh air, when itstemperature has been and leading downwardly into the room, and

means for drying and cooling the incoming fresh air, thereby increasingits specific gravity and thus causing'such air to enter the lowerportion of the room and to displace a.

corresponding amount of foul air from the room, the upwardly extendingfoul air outlet conduit and the downwardly extending fresh air inletconduit bein in heat-interchanging relationship where y the descend" ingfresh air will be cooled and made heavier,

thereby promoting its descent, and the outflowing foul air will beheated and made lighter, thereby promoting its ascent.

In testimony whereof I signature.

. ORLO G. CRANNELL.

